To examine the long-run origins of democracy and dictatorship, Brian Downing focuses on the importance of medieval political configurations and of military modernization in the early modern period. He maintains that in late medieval times an array of constitutional arrangements distinguished Western Europe from other parts of the world and predisposed it toward liberal democrac...(展开全部)

布莱恩·唐宁(Brain M .Downing)早年毕业于哈佛大学政治学系，师从著名历史比较研究学者斯考切波（Theda Sckopol）、鲁道夫（Lloyd Rudolph）和国际关系学者米尔斯海默（John Mearsheimer）。他的主要著作《军事革命与政治变革》考察了欧洲中世纪末期军事技术变革与民主和宪政制度起源之间的关系，获得了包括巴林顿·摩尔（Barrington Moore）在内的著名学者的好评，并夺得了美国政治学年会加布里埃尔·阿尔蒙德（Gabriel Almond）大奖。此后唐宁退出了学术圈，成为一名独立评论人，在美国多种主要媒体均有发言。

布莱恩·唐宁(Brain M .Downing)早年毕业于哈佛大学政治学系，师从著名历史比较研究学者斯考切波（Theda Sckopol）、鲁道夫（Lloyd Rudolph）和国际关系学者米尔斯海默（John Mearsheimer）。他的主要著作《军事革命与政治变革》考察了欧洲中世纪末期军事技术变革与民主和宪政制度起源之间的关系，获得了包括巴林顿·摩尔（Barrington Moore）在内的著名学者的好评，并夺得了美国政治学年会加布里埃尔·阿尔蒙德（Gabriel Almond）大奖。此后唐宁退出了学术圈，成为一名独立评论人，在美国多种主要媒体均有发言。

To examine the long-run origins of democracy and dictatorship, Brian Downing focuses on the importance of medieval political configurations and of military modernization in the early modern period. He maintains that in late medieval times an array of constitutional arrangements distinguished Western Europe from other parts of the world and predisposed it toward liberal democrac...(展开全部)

What explains the rapid growth of state power in early modern Europe? While most scholars have pointed to the impact of military or capitalist revolutions, Philip S. Gorski argues instead for the importance of a disciplinary revolution unleashed by the Reformation. By refining and diffusing a variety of disciplinary techniques and strategies, such as communal surveillance, cont...(展开全部)

What explains the rapid growth of state power in early modern Europe? While most scholars have pointed to the impact of military or capitalist revolutions, Philip S. Gorski argues instead for the importance of a disciplinary revolution unleashed by the Reformation. By refining and diffusing a variety of disciplinary techniques and strategies, such as communal surveillance, cont...(展开全部)

What explains the rapid growth of state power in early modern Europe? While most scholars have pointed to the impact of military or capitalist revolutions, Philip S. Gorski argues instead for the importance of a disciplinary revolution unleashed by the Reformation. By refining and diffusing a variety of disciplinary techniques and strategies, such as communal surveillance, cont...(展开全部)

What explains the rapid growth of state power in early modern Europe? While most scholars have pointed to the impact of military or capitalist revolutions, Philip S. Gorski argues instead for the importance of a disciplinary revolution unleashed by the Reformation. By refining and diffusing a variety of disciplinary techniques and strategies, such as communal surveillance, cont...(展开全部)

In the seventeenth century, previously peaceful relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth deteriorated into a series of military confrontations over the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. Although scholars have generally interpreted this rivalry in terms of conflicting geopolitical interests, this state-centred approach ignores one of th...(展开全部)

In the seventeenth century, previously peaceful relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth deteriorated into a series of military confrontations over the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. Although scholars have generally interpreted this rivalry in terms of conflicting geopolitical interests, this state-centred approach ignores one of th...(展开全部)